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There have been 46 space missions to the planet Venus (including gravity-assist flybys). Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970.
Venus imaged in different wavelengths by spacecraft. The planet Venus was first observed in antiquity, and continued with telescopic observations, and then by visiting spacecraft. Spacecraft have performed multiple flybys, orbits, and landings on the planet, including balloon probes that floated in its atmosphere. Study of the planet is aided ...
Because Venus is completely covered in clouds, human knowledge of surface conditions was largely speculative until the space probe era. Until the mid-20th century, the surface environment of Venus was believed to be similar to Earth, hence it was widely believed that Venus could harbor life.
GISS scientists saw that ancient Venus had more dry land than modern Earth, but it also had enough water to support life. There was also enough land to prevent plant sensitivity to sunlight.
The spacecraft definitively confirmed that humans cannot survive on the surface of Venus, and excluded the possibility of any liquid water on Venus. Venera 8: USSR: 22 July 1972: Within 150 km radius of : Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes. Venera 9 lander: USSR: 22 October 1975
Even though Venus is violently hostile to life, the planet is so similar to our own in makeup and location that it's often referred to as Earth's twin Venus may once have been habitable. Now it ...
During the probe's third Venus flyby in July 2020, its camera – the Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, or WISPR – captured images of Venus' scorching-hot surface through the thick cloud ...
Escape stage exploded during Trans-Venus injection; Some pieces re-entered and others remained in Earth orbit — — Venera 9: 4V-1 No. 660: Orbiter and Lander: 8 June 1975: 22 October 1975: 53: Sent back the first (black and white) images of Venus' surface. Landed within a 150-kilometre (93 mi) radius of 31.01° N, 291.64° E.