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Focal nodular hyperplasia's most recognizable gross feature is a central stellate scar seen in 60–70% of cases. Microscopically, a lobular proliferation of bland-appearing hepatocytes with a bile ductular proliferation and malformed vessels within the fibrous scar is the most common pattern.
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign tumor of the liver. [2] FNH is found in 0.2%– 0.3% of adults worldwide. [2] FNH is more common in females (10:1 female to male ratio) except in Japan and China, in which there is a more equal prevalence of cases between females and males. [2]
Prior to the findings of the hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells it was known as tachypnea of infancy, as most children outgrow the need for oxygen supplementation within two to seven years. It is characterized by tachypnea, hypoxemia, and retractions. [1] It is typically diagnosed in infants and children younger than one year of age. [2]
Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common site for internal organ damage. Hepatic hemangiomas may be difficult to identify, because it can be inaccurately diagnosed as a hyper-vascular malignancy. These malignancies can live alongside other liver tumors such as hepatic cysts, hepatic angiosarcoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and a myriad of others.
Follicular hyperplasia is one of the most common types of benign lymphadenopathies. [1] It can be typically found in children and young adults however all ages are subject to follicular hyperplasia, including the elderly. Lymphadenopathies such as follicular hyperplasia, are usually localized but can also be generalized and are non gender specific.
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the oral mucosa which is characterized by the growth of one or more nodular lesions, measuring about 2mm or less. [4] [5] The lesion almost exclusively involves the hard palate, and in rare instances, it also has been seen on the mandible. The lesion is mostly asymptomatic and color ...
[3] [4] The significance of making a specific diagnosis is that, unlike other benign liver tumors such as hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenomas have a small but meaningful risk of progressing into a malignancy. [3]
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a rare liver disease, characterised by the growth of nodules within the liver, resulting in liver hyperplasia.While in many cases it is asymptomatic and thus goes undetected – or is only discovered incidentally while investigating some other medical condition – in some people it results in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH).