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Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. [citation needed] Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich. [1] Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver [2] from beta-alanine and histidine.
Carnosine and metabolic derivatives of carnosine, including NAC, are found in a variety of tissues but particularly muscle tissue. [1] These compounds have varying degrees of activity as free radical scavengers. [1] It has been suggested that NAC is particularly active against lipid peroxidation in the different parts of the lens in the eye. [3]
Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine, and is found in skeletal muscle and cells of the nervous system. [6] This disorder results in an excess of carnosine in the urine , cerebrospinal fluid , blood , and nervous tissue . [ 7 ]
Carnosine synthase (EC 6.3.2.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + carnosine The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP , L-histidine , and beta-alanine , whereas its 3 products are ADP (previously thought to form AMP [ 1 ] ), diphosphate ...
Histidine ball and stick model spinning. Histidine (symbol His or H) [2] is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH 3 + form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO − form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially ...
Zinc L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc [1]) (N-(3-aminopropionyl)-L-histidinato zinc [2]), often simply called zinc carnosine, and also known as polaprezinc, [3] is a mucosal protective [4] [5] chelate compound of zinc and L-carnosine invented by Hamari Chemicals, Ltd. [6] [7] It is a quadridentate 1:1 complex of a polymeric nature. [6]
Venenivibrio stagnispumantis gains energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas.. In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in ...
Ketogenesis pathway. The three ketone bodies (acetoacetate, acetone, and beta-hydroxy-butyrate) are marked within orange boxes. Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies by breaking down fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.