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The result from 1880 onwards was the multiple-expansion engine using three or four expansion stages (triple-and quadruple-expansion engines). These engines used a series of double-acting cylinders of progressively increasing diameter and/or stroke (and hence volume) designed to divide the work into three or four, as appropriate, equal portions ...
Period cutaway diagram of a triple-expansion steam engine installation, circa 1918. This particular diagram illustrates possible engine cutoff locations, after the Lusitania disaster and others made it clear that this was an important safety feature. A marine steam engine is a steam engine that is used to power a ship or boat.
In a compound steam locomotive, the steam passes from the high-pressure cylinder or cylinders to the low-pressure cylinder or cylinders, the two stages being similar. In a triple-expansion steam engine, the steam passes through three successive cylinders of increasing size and decreasing pressure. Such engines were the most common marine ...
The easiest way to overcome this problem is by superheating the steam. On the T–s diagram above, state 3 is at a border of the two-phase region of steam and water, so after expansion the steam will be very wet. By superheating, state 3 will move to the right (and up) in the diagram and hence produce a drier steam after expansion.
The engine itself is of an unusual triple-expansion, three-crank rocker design, with pistons 13.7, 24.375, and 39 inches (348.0, 619.1, and 990.6 mm) in diameter and 6-foot (1.8 m) stroke. Each rocker is connected both to a crankshaft with a 15-foot (4.6 m) flywheel and to a double acting pump's plunger.
Indicator diagram for steam locomotive [3] Specifically, the diagram records the pressure of steam versus the volume of steam in a cylinder, throughout a piston's cycle of motion in a steam engine. The diagram enables calculation of the work performed and thus can provide a measure of the power produced by the engine. [4]
Willans & Robinson engine, driving a dynamo generator. One of the best-known examples of the steeple engine was the Willans engine. [10] These were double- or triple-expansion compound engines, with the unusual features of single-acting cylinders and a central spindle valve shared between all cylinders.
The solution was the triple expansion engine, in which steam was successively expanded in a high pressure, intermediate pressure and a low pressure cylinder. [ 27 ] : 89 [ 28 ] : 106-111 The theory of this was established in the 1850s by John Elder , but it was clear that triple expansion engines needed steam at, by the standards of the day ...