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Statistics highlighted that lower income areas of London exhibit higher rates of childhood obesity compared with other parts of the UK. According to 2015 research data from the Health Survey for England, the proportion of children classified as overweight and obese was inversely related to household income. [50]
Countries by obesity rate, data from WHO 2022 This is a list of countries by obesity rate , with data from the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2022. World Health Organization (2022 data)
Maternal body mass index (BMI) is an important predictor of childhood obesity. Mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity, as defined by BMI ≥30 kg/m 2, are known to have children that have higher growth rates and more likely to have obesity. [53]
Parental obesity refers to obesity of either parent during pregnancy. Maternal obesity has a significant impact on maternal metabolism and offspring development. [ 1 ] Insulin resistance , glucose homeostasis, fat oxidation and amino acid synthesis are all disrupted by maternal obesity and contribute to adverse outcomes. [ 1 ]
The National Obesity Observatory (NOO) was a publicly funded body that is part of a network of Public Health Observatories across Britain and Ireland. It published data, information, and intelligence related to obesity, overweight, and their underlying causes. NOO is now part of Public Health England who now carry out their work.
Moreover, obesity and overweight are health issues which are more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural areas. [6] Since 1975, obesity rates have tripled worldwide. [6] As of 2016, 1.9 billion adults (aged 18 years or older) were classified as being overweight, and within these adults, 650 million were classified as obese. [6]
Obesity has been observed throughout human history. Many early depictions of the human form in art and sculpture appear obese. [2] However, it was not until the 20th century that obesity became common — so much so that, in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic [3] and estimated that the worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled ...
The IOM has recommended the ranges of weight gain to be 12.5–18 kg, 11.5–16 kg, 7-11.5 kg, and 5–9 kg respectively. That is, the smaller the BMI pre pregnancy, the more weight a woman is expected to gain during her pregnancy. [3]