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This pain can also be caused by psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, which can affect the onset and severity of pain experienced. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential ...
More than 50% of patients who suffer from a traumatic brain injury will develop psychiatric disturbances. [6] Although precise rates of anxiety after brain injury are unknown, a 30-year follow-up study of 60 patients found 8.3% of patients developed a panic disorder, 1.7% developed an anxiety disorder, and 8.3% developed a specific phobia. [7]
Paediatric chronic pain often impacts quality of life for the families of children affected, with mothers having particularly low health-related quality of life on average. [31] Parents of children with chronic pain conditions allocate considerable physical, financial, and emotional resources towards health care for their child.
Some advocate that, because similar brain regions are involved in both physical pain and psychological pain, pain should be seen as a continuum that ranges from purely physical to purely psychological. [26] Moreover, many sources mention the fact that many metaphors of physical pain are used to refer to psychologically painful experiences.
One such cause is chemical imbalances in the brain, which can lead to irrational decisions and emotional pain. [8] For example, when the brain lacks serotonin, a chemical that regulates the brain's functioning, it can lead to depression, appetite changes, aggression, and anxiety. Another cause of mental distress can be exposure to severely ...
BFS was classified in the fourth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) as a culture-bound syndrome. [1] Individuals with symptoms of brain fag must be differentiated from those with the syndrome according to the Brain Fag Syndrome Scale (BFSS); [1] Ola et al said it would not be "surpris[ing] if BFS was called an equivalent of either depression or anxiety".
Common side effects or comorbidities of pain disorder include: depression; anxiety; inactivity; disability; sleep disturbance; fatigue; and disruption of social relationships. [3] Pain conditions are generally considered "acute" if they last less than six months, and "chronic" if they last six or more months. [4]
The World Health Organization recommends using a two step treatment approach based on the level of pain in children. The first step explains mild pain treatment, while the second step considers moderate to severe pain. Opioids, such as morphine, is an example of a drug of choice for moderate-severe pain in children with medical illnesses. [36]