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Pictures as communication symbols for students with severe intellectual disability. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 12 (4), 244–256. Trief, E., Cascella, P.W., & Bruce, S.M. (2013). A field study of a standardized tangible symbol system for learners who are visually impaired and have multiple disabilities.
Example of basic PECS communication board The Picture Exchange Communication System ( PECS ) is an augmentative and alternative communication system developed and produced by Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. [ 1 ] PECS was developed in 1985 at the Delaware Autism Program by Andy Bondy, PhD, and Lori Frost, MS, CCC-SLP. [ 2 ]
Visual schedules use a series of pictures to communicate a series of activities or the steps of a specific activity. [1] [2] They are often used to help children understand and manage the daily events in their lives. [3] They can be created using pictures, photographs, or written words, depending upon the ability of the child.
Ayres's theoretical framework for what she called Sensory Integration Dysfunction was developed after six factor analytic studies of populations of children with learning disabilities, perceptual motor disabilities and normal developing children. [81] Ayres created the following nosology based on the patterns that appeared on her factor analysis:
Adults and children who report a sensory dysfunction or a sensory-integration disturbance often also present with a learning disability. A sensory friendly environment is created to assist those with a sensory processing disorder (SPD). The disorder is characterized by a hypersensitivity to stimuli accompanied by anxiety. [1]
Multi-sensory equipment is a vital and effective part in the treatment of sensory disorders with children and adults alike. [9] Some examples include: projectors and effect wheels, bubble tubes, music equipment, fibre optics, vibrating devices, aroma diffusers and sound equipment. Many schools have "Sensory Kits" which are personalized items of ...
Sensory Integration Therapy is based on A. Jean Ayres's Sensory Integration Theory, which proposes that sensory-processing is linked to emotional regulation, learning, behavior, and participation in daily life. [2] Sensory integration is the process of organizing sensations from the body and environmental stimuli.
Language-based learning disabilities or LBLD are "heterogeneous" neurological differences that can affect skills such as listening, reasoning, speaking, reading, writing, and math calculations. [1] It is also associated with movement, coordination, and direct attention.