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The City and Guilds of London Institute is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has been operating under royal charter, granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900.
The City and Guilds examination body issues a number of English examinations for speakers of English as a second or other language (ESOL). The exams use a communicative approach, and can be taken at educational institutions approved by City and Guilds.
National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) are practical work-based awards in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland that are achieved through training and assessment. The regulatory framework supporting NVQs was withdrawn in 2015 and replaced by the Regulated Qualifications Framework (), although the term "NVQ" may be used in RQF qualifications if they "are based on recognised occupational ...
A General National Vocational Qualification, or GNVQ, was a certificate of vocational education in the United Kingdom. [1] The last GNVQs were awarded in 2007. The qualifications related to occupational areas in general, rather than any specific job. [2] They could be taken in a wide range of subjects.
These qualifications replaced the School Certificate and the Higher School Certificate respectively. The existing exam boards offered the GCE, alongside the Northern Ireland Schools Examination Council. [9] These boards were soon joined by the Associated Examining Board (AEB), which was founded by City & Guilds in 1953. [10]
Guilds also often kept records of who became an apprentice, and this would often provide a qualification for later becoming a freeman of a guild or a citizen of a city. [3] Many youths would train in villages or communities that lacked guilds, however, so avoiding the impact of these regulations.
They are offered by awarding bodies such as City and Guilds, Edexcel, OCR, NCFE and ABC Awards. They are available at various levels on the RQF, and in different sizes. The range of vocational qualifications includes competence-based National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) which can be taken at work, college, or as part of an Apprenticeship ...
In the budget of fiscal year 2017 - 18 the government of India has decided to set aside ₹ 17,000 crore, the highest ever allocation to this sector, in order to boost the Skill India Mission. At least ten million Indian youth enter the country's workforce each year, but the employment creation in India has not been able to absorb this influx ...