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Russian and 5 ft gauge. 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in): former Soviet Union states; 1,524 mm (5 ft): Finland and Estonia (The difference is within tolerance limits, so it is possible to exchange trains between 1520 mm and 1524 mm networks without changes to the wheelsets, however sometimes issues like stuck rolling stock might occur.)
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of 1,435 mm ... gauge is in use on several urban rail transit systems in Europe: Trams in Italy;
See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark: 686 mm: 2 ft 3 in: See List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways: 693 mm: 2 ft 3 + 9 ⁄ 32 in: Sweden: 28 Swedish inches. [28] Several railways. 700 mm 2 ft 3 + 9 ⁄ 16 in: Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark and Narrow-gauge railways in Europe. Common for sugar beet or sugar cane railways and peat railways.
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.
The Tsarskoye Selo railway's success proved that a larger gauge could be viable for railways isolated from the extant 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) gauge Western European network. [6] [7] In 1840, work started on the second railway in the Russian Empire, the Warsaw–Vienna railway in Congress Poland.
As of 2017, about 60% of the world's railways use a gauge of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in), known as standard or international gauge [43] [44] Gauges wider than standard gauge are called broad gauge; narrower, narrow gauge. Some stretches of track are dual gauge, with three (or sometimes four) parallel rails in place of the usual two, to allow ...
In Portugal, there are three railway loading gauge standards for conventional (iberian gauge) railways: Gabarito PT b, Gabarito PT b+ and Gabarito PT c. Gabarito PT b (also called CPb) and Gabarito PT b+ (also called CPb+) allow rail cars to be 3.44 m (11 ft 3.5 in) wide with a permitted height of 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in), although CPb+ has a ...
Most railways in Europe use 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge, while in some other countries, like on the Iberian Peninsula, or countries whose territories used to be part of the Russian Empire or Soviet Union, widespread broad gauge exists (except Southeastern European countries).