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RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. [11] It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors , and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins.
RNA polymerase I synthesizes a pre-rRNA 45S (35S in yeast), which matures and will form the major RNA sections of the ribosome. RNA polymerase II synthesizes precursors of mRNAs and most sRNA and microRNAs. RNA polymerase III synthesizes tRNAs, rRNA 5S and other small RNAs found in the nucleus and cytosol.
These two components, RNA polymerase and sigma factor, when paired together, build RNA polymerase holoenzyme which is then in its active form and ready to bind to a promoter and initiate DNA transcription. [9] Once it binds to the DNA, RNA polymerase turns from a closed to an open complex, forming the transcription bubble.
RNA polymerase, assisted by one or more general transcription factors, then unwinds approximately 14 base pairs of DNA to form an RNA polymerase-promoter open complex. In the open complex, the promoter DNA is partly unwound and single-stranded. The exposed, single-stranded DNA is referred to as the "transcription bubble". [6]
Transcription preinitiation complex, represented by the central cluster of proteins, causes RNA polymerase to bind to target DNA site. The PIC is able to bind both the promoter sequence near the gene to be transcribed and an enhancer sequence in a different part of the genome, allowing enhancer sequences to regulate a gene distant from it.
5430 20020 Ensembl ENSG00000284832 ENSG00000181222 ENSMUSG00000005198 UniProt P24928 P08775 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000937 NM_009089 NM_001291068 RefSeq (protein) NP_000928 NP_001277997 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 7.48 – 7.51 Mb Chr 11: 69.62 – 69.65 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, also known as RPB1, is an enzyme that is encoded ...
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.The structure of these molecules may be considered at any of several length scales ranging from the level of individual atoms to the relationships among entire protein subunits.
5433 69241 Ensembl ENSG00000144231 ENSMUSG00000024258 UniProt O15514 Q9D7M8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004805 NM_027002 NM_001357480 RefSeq (protein) NP_004796 NP_081278 NP_001344409 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 127.84 – 127.86 Mb Chr 18: 31.92 – 31.93 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2D ...