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Cryonics (from Greek: κρύος kryos, meaning "cold") is the low-temperature freezing (usually at −196 °C or −320.8 °F or 77.1 K) and storage of human remains in the hope that resurrection may be possible in the future. [1] [2] Cryonics is regarded with skepticism by the mainstream scientific community. It is generally viewed as a ...
Controlled-rate and slow freezing, also known as slow programmable freezing (SPF), [18] is a technique where cells are cooled to around -196 °C over the course of several hours. Slow programmable freezing was developed during the early 1970s, and eventually resulted in the first human frozen embryo birth in 1984. Since then, machines that ...
At least six major areas of cryobiology can be identified: 1) study of cold-adaptation of microorganisms, plants (cold hardiness), and animals, both invertebrates and vertebrates (including hibernation), 2) cryopreservation of cells, tissues, gametes, and embryos of animal and human origin for (medical) purposes of long-term storage by cooling to temperatures below the freezing point of water.
Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington, DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...
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Flash freezing being used for cryopreservation. Flash freezing is used in the food industry to quickly freeze perishable food items (see frozen food). In this case, food items are subjected to temperatures well below [clarification needed] the freezing point of water. Thus, smaller ice crystals are formed, causing less damage to cell membranes. [3]
Oocyte cryopreservation (commonly referred to as OC or egg freezing) is a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to preserve human eggs . The technique is often used to delay pregnancy. When pregnancy is desired, the eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos. The procedure's success rate varies ...
Cryonics is regarded with skepticism within the scientific community and has been characterized as quackery and pseudoscience. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] As of October 2023 [update] , Alcor had 1,927 members, including 222 who have died and whose corpses have been subject to cryonic processes; [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] 116 bodies had only their head preserved. [ 8 ]