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They ruled many parts of India from 1526 and by 1707, they ruled most of the subcontinent. Afterwards, they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, where they gave their last stand against the British forces in India. The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur (r.
Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam (14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712), commonly known as Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth.
The closest to an official name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari. [29] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān), [30] "country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind), "Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah) as observed in the epithet of Emperor Aurangzeb [31] or endonymous identification from ...
After Aurangzeb's departure for the north due to a war of succession, Shivaji conquered territories ceded by Bijapur in the name of the Mughals. [ 8 ] : 63 Following his defeat at the hands of Jai Singh I in the Battle of Purandar , Shivaji entered into vassalage with the Mughal empire, assuming the role of a Mughal chief and was conferred with ...
Aurangzeb's rule has been the subject of both praise and controversy. [ 252 ] [ 253 ] During his lifetime, victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to 4 million square kilometres, [ 241 ] and he ruled over a population estimated to be over 158 million subjects. [ 8 ]
Even in Mughal captivity, Shahu's mother, Empress Yesubai, continued to rule her private territories as a Deshmukh. [9] Aurangzeb regarded Shahu, whose real name was Shivaji as 'Sav or Sadhu Shivaji' in contrast to his grandfather Shivaji I, resulting in his popular title 'Raja Shahu' meaning Honest or Saint King. [10]
After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Shivaji's grandson Shahu under the leadership of Peshwa Bajirao revived Maratha power and confided a great deal of authority to the Bhat family, who became hereditary peshwas (prime ministers). After he died in 1749, they became the effective rulers.
He was the second son of Azim-ush-Shan, the Grand son of emperor Bahadur Shah I and a great grandson of emperor Aurangzeb. In 1696, Farrukhsiyar accompanied his father on his campaign to Bengal. Aurangzeb recalled Azim-ush-Shan from Bengal in 1707 and instructed Farrukhsiyar to take charge of the province.