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The amount of strain in the stable neck is called the natural draw ratio [6] because it is determined by the material's hardening characteristics, not the amount of drawing imposed on the material. Ductile polymers often exhibit stable necks because molecular orientation provides a mechanism for hardening that predominates at large strains. [7]
Material selection is a step in the process of designing any physical object. In the context of product design, the main goal of material selection is to minimize cost while meeting product performance goals. [1] Systematic selection of the best material for a given application begins with properties and costs of
In this case the material flow is uniform and provides additional load distribution for the part. For better rigidity and material flow, the general guideline suggests that boss should be connected to nearest side wall. Presence of undercuts in the design can make it difficult to remove the molded product from the molds
Successful drawing depends on the flow and stretch of the material. Steels, copper alloys, and aluminium alloys are commonly drawn metals. [4]In sheet metal drawing, as a die forms a shape from a flat sheet of metal (the "blank"), the material is forced to move and conform to the die.
While pultrusion can offer many similar profiles in continuous lengths, usually with added reinforcing, this is achieved by pulling the finished product out of a die instead of extruding the polymer melt through a die. The material enters through the feed throat (an opening near the rear of the barrel) and comes into contact with the screw.
A number of different methods are used to evaluate a polymer's resistance to environmental stress cracking. A common method in the polymer industry is use of the Bergen jig, which subjects the sample to variable strain during a single test. The results of this test indicate the critical strain to cracking, using only one sample. [5]
Polymer characterization is the analytical branch of polymer science.. The discipline is concerned with the characterization of polymeric materials on a variety of levels. The characterization typically has as a goal to improve the performance of the materi
Fiber volume ratio is an important mathematical element in composite engineering. Fiber volume ratio, or fiber volume fraction, is the percentage of fiber volume in the entire volume of a fiber-reinforced composite material. [1] When manufacturing polymer composites, fibers are impregnated with resin.