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Kerckhoffs viewed cryptography as a rival to, and a better alternative than, steganographic encoding, which was common in the nineteenth century for hiding the meaning of military messages. One problem with encoding schemes is that they rely on humanly-held secrets such as "dictionaries" which disclose for example, the secret meaning of words.
Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications. Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, converting readable information to unintelligible nonsense text , which can only be read by reversing ...
Books on cryptography have been published sporadically and with variable quality for a long time. This is despite the paradox that secrecy is of the essence in sending confidential messages – see Kerckhoffs' principle. In contrast, the revolutions in cryptography and secure communications since the 1970s are covered in the available literature.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic ...
Information-theoretically secure cryptosystems have been used for the most sensitive governmental communications, such as diplomatic cables and high-level military communications. [citation needed] There are a variety of cryptographic tasks for which information-theoretic security is a meaningful and useful requirement. A few of these are:
George W. Bush using a Motorola STU-III immediately after the September 11 attacks KSD-64 "Crypto-ignition keys" on display at the National Cryptologic Museum in 2005. This is a list of telecommunications encryption terms.
The Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security is a comprehensive work on Cryptography for both information security professionals and experts in the fields of Computer Science, Applied Mathematics, Engineering, Information Theory, Data Encryption, etc. [1] It consists of 460 articles in alphabetical order and is available electronically and in print.
Shannon published an earlier version of this research in the formerly classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography, Memorandum MM 45-110-02, Sept. 1, 1945, Bell Laboratories. [7] [8] This report also precedes the publication of his "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", which appeared in 1948.