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The cells in the respiratory epithelium are of five main types: a) ciliated cells, b) goblet cells, c) brush cells, d) airway basal cells, and e) small granule cells (NDES) [6] Goblet cells become increasingly fewer further down the respiratory tree until they are absent in the terminal bronchioles; club cells take over their role to some extent here. [7]
All of the lower respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles is lined with respiratory epithelium. This is a ciliated epithelium interspersed with goblet cells which produce mucin the main component of mucus , ciliated cells, basal cells , and in the terminal bronchioles – club cells with actions similar to basal cells ...
The epithelial lining of the upper respiratory tract is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete a protective mucus. This helps to filter waste, which is eventually either swallowed into the highly acidic stomach environment or expelled via spitting. The epithelium lining the respiratory tract is covered in small hairs called cilia.
The nasal cavity is divided into two segments: the respiratory segment and the olfactory segment. The respiratory segment comprises most of each nasal cavity, and is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (also called respiratory epithelium). The conchae, or turbinates, are located in this region.
respiratory epithelium: respiratory: larynx - true vocal cords: Stratified squamous, non-keratinized - respiratory: trachea: Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated: respiratory epithelium: respiratory bronchi Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated respiratory terminal bronchioles Simple cuboidal, ciliated respiratory: respiratory bronchioles: Simple ...
An alveolus consists of an epithelial layer of simple squamous epithelium (very thin, flattened cells), [13] and an extracellular matrix surrounded by capillaries. The epithelial lining is part of the alveolar membrane, also known as the respiratory membrane, that allows the exchange of gases.
The respiratory bronchioles deliver air to the exchange surfaces of the lungs. [5] They are interrupted by alveoli which are thin walled evaginations. Alveolar ducts are side branches of the respiratory bronchioles. The respiratory bronchioles are lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium along with some non-ciliated cells called club cells. [6]
They reside in the mucosal layer of the respiratory epithelium, and generally remain dormant. However, when a functional epithelial cell becomes damaged, a basal cell is activated to differentiate into the appropriate cell type and replace the damaged cell. [16] [17] A diagram of cells in the respiratory epithelium.