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A set of polygons in an Euler diagram This set equals the one depicted above since both have the very same elements.. In mathematics, a set is a collection of different [1] things; [2] [3] [4] these things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects of any kind: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometrical shapes, variables, or even other ...
A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.
Regions not part of the set are indicated by coloring them black, in contrast to Euler diagrams, where membership in the set is indicated by overlap as well as color. When the number of sets grows beyond 3 a Venn diagram becomes visually complex, especially compared to the corresponding Euler diagram.
Transfinite numbers: Numbers that are greater than any natural number. Ordinal numbers: Finite and infinite numbers used to describe the order type of well-ordered sets. Cardinal numbers: Finite and infinite numbers used to describe the cardinalities of sets.
Numbers can be classified into sets, called number sets or number systems, ... A more complete list of number sets appears in the following diagram. Number systems;
The set of subsets of a given set (its power set) ordered by inclusion (see Fig. 1). Similarly, the set of sequences ordered by subsequence, and the set of strings ordered by substring. The set of natural numbers equipped with the relation of divisibility. (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 6) The vertex set of a directed acyclic graph ordered by reachability.
The set of rational numbers is a proper subset of the set of real numbers. In this example, both sets are infinite, but the latter set has a larger cardinality (or power ) than the former set. Another example in an Euler diagram :
Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as