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Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast beams, and wall panels, floors, roofs, and piles.
Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) is a common variety of large-diameter concrete pressure pipe used for transporting water and wastewater. PCCP is typical manufactured according to the American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard C304. [ 1 ]
Pre-tensioned concrete is a variant of prestressed concrete where the tendons are tensioned prior to the concrete being cast. [1]: 25 The concrete bonds to the tendons as it cures, following which the end-anchoring of the tendons is released, and the tendon tension forces are transferred to the concrete as compression by static friction.
The Industrial Revolution increased population density in manufacturing districts, and produced pipes useful for drain-waste-vent systems from buildings to sewers. Gravity sewers have been assembled from cast iron pipe , vitrified clay pipe , precast concrete pipe, asbestos-cement pipe, and plastic pipe . [ 8 ]
Pipes near exterior walls or foundation: These are most susceptible to freezing. Exposed pipes in crawl spaces or attics : Lack of insulation increases their vulnerability.
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast, cellular concrete building material. It is eco-friendly, and suitable for producing concrete-like blocks . [ 1 ] It is composed of quartz sand , calcined gypsum , lime , portland cement , water, and aluminium powder .