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White matter hyperintensities can be caused by a variety of factors including ischemia, micro-hemorrhages, gliosis, damage to small blood vessel walls, breaches of the barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, or loss and deformation of the myelin sheath. [8]
Micrograph showing gliosis in the cerebellum. Reactive astrocytes on the left display severe proliferation and domain overlap. Reactive astrogliosis is the most common form of gliosis and involves the proliferation of astrocytes, a type of glial cell responsible for maintaining extracellular ion and neurotransmitter concentrations, modulating synapse function, and forming the blood–brain ...
The white matter with hidden but MRI-visible damage is known as "Normal-appearing white matter" (NAWM) [136] and is where lesions appear. [22] The NAWM is considered a non-visible kind of lesion, produces disability and it is responsive to natalizumab [137] The pathology of the NAWM differs from areas near the lesions or near the cortex.
MRI anomalies are not due to substance abuse, such as recreational drug use, toxic exposure, or a prior known medical condition. Exclusion of a differential diagnosis of leukoaraiosis, or extensive white matter pathology excluding the corpus callosum. MRI anomalies of the CNS are not accounted for by another disease.
White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons). This myelin is found in almost all long nerve fibers, and acts as an electrical insulation.
Head CT showing periventricular white matter lesions. Leukoaraiosis is a particular abnormal change in appearance of white matter near the lateral ventricles. It is often seen in aged individuals, but sometimes in young adults. [1] [2] On MRI, leukoaraiosis changes appear as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in T2 FLAIR images.
Opening Day isn’t even here yet and the New York Mets season already appears to be in jeopardy following the latest MRI results for ace pitcher Jacob deGrom. ESPN MLB insider Jeff Passan ...
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of white-matter brain injury, characterized by the necrosis (more often coagulation) of white matter near the lateral ventricles.