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Croup is a relatively common condition that affects about 15% of children at some point. [4] It most commonly occurs between six months and five years of age but may rarely be seen in children as old as fifteen. [3] [4] [9] It is slightly more common in males than females. [9] It occurs most often in autumn. [9]
One of the most common causes is Staphylococcus aureus and often follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection. Bacterial tracheitis is a rare complication of influenza infection. [ 4 ] It is the most serious in young children, possibly because of the relatively small size of the trachea that gets easily blocked by swelling.
The causes of upper airway obstructions can be acute or chronic. Acute causes of upper airway obstruction include foreign body aspiration, blunt trauma to the neck, infection, and swelling due to allergies or other inflammatory conditions. [3] In children, viral infections such as croup or epiglottitis are frequent causes. [4]
Allergies in children, an incidence which has increased over the last fifty years, are overreactions of the immune system often caused by foreign substances or genetics that may present themselves in different ways. [1] There are multiple forms of testing, prevention, management, and treatment available if an allergy is present in a child.
Children under 2 years old should not be given any type of cough or cold medicine due to the potential for life-threatening side effects. [23] In addition, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics , the use of cough medicine to relieve cough symptoms should be avoided in children under 4 years old, and the safety is questioned for ...
The six-year-old child who died of the illness had not been previously vaccinated due to parental opposition to vaccination. [69] It was the first case of diphtheria in the country since 1986, as reported by the Spanish daily newspaper El Mundo , [ 70 ] or from 1998, as reported by the WHO.
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