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People who use power cues and act powerfully and proactively tend to be perceived as powerful by others. Some people become influential even though they do not overtly use powerful behavior. Power as a relational concept: Power exists in relationships. The issue here is often how much relative power a person has in comparison to one's partner.
The Oxford English Dictionary records the phrase "soft power" (meaning "power (of a nation, state, alliance, etc.) deriving from economic and cultural influence, rather than coercion or military strength") from 1985. [4] Joseph Nye popularized the concept of "soft power" in the late 1980s. [5]
In international relations, power is defined in several different ways. [1] Material definitions of state power emphasize economic and military power. [2] [3] [4] Other definitions of power emphasize the ability to structure and constitute the nature of social relations between actors.
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
State formation can include state-building and nation-building. Academic debate about various theories is a prominent feature in fields like anthropology, sociology, economics, and political science. [2] Dominant frameworks emphasize the superiority of the state as an organization for waging war and extracting resources.
Smaller groups may rely on informal leadership structures, whereas effective governance of a larger group typically relies on a well-functioning governing body, which is a specific group of people entrusted with the authority and responsibilities to make decisions about the rules, enforcing them and overseeing the smooth operation of the group ...
A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair' or 'people's affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.
A state should not be confused with a government; a government is an organization that has been granted the authority to act on the behalf of a state. [19] Nor should a state be confused with a society; a society refers to all organized groups, movements, and individuals who are independent of the state and seek to remain out of its influence. [19]