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The drug Elmiron helps, for some patients, to prevent the formation of Hunner's ulcers by coating the bladder wall, thus making it harder for the acid in urine to irritate the bladder wall lining, which can lead to ulceration. Elmiron is a controversial medication within the interstitial cystitis community, with its efficacy questioned by many.
In this procedure, water is instilled into the bladder to a pressure of 80–100 cm for 1–2 minutes. When water is drained from the bladder, glomerulations may appear. To be considered as IC, these submucosal hemorrhages must be present in at least 3 quadrants of the bladder with over 10 glomerulations per quadrant.
Procedures using rigid instrumentation more frequently result in short-term urinary incontinence and leakage due to urethral damage. Occasionally, patients may feel some lower abdominal pains, reflecting bladder muscle spasms, but these are not common. Common (non-invasive) prescriptions to relieve discomfort after the test may include:
It is also used in diagnosis, most commonly by performing a biopsy to check for conditions such as anemia, bleeding, inflammation, and cancers of the digestive system. The procedure may also be used for treatment such as cauterization of a bleeding vessel, widening a narrow esophagus, clipping off a polyp or removing a foreign object.
In radiology and urology, a cystography (also known as cystogram) is a procedure used to visualise the urinary bladder. Using a urinary catheter, radiocontrast is instilled in the bladder, and X-ray imaging is performed. Cystography can be used to evaluate bladder cancer, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder polyps, and hydronephrosis.
The exam ends when the person voids while the radiologist is watching under fluoroscopy. Consumption of fluid promotes excretion of contrast media after the procedure. It is important to watch the contrast during voiding, because this is when the bladder has the most pressure, and it is most likely this is when reflux will occur.
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Determination of how much urine is in the bladder, for example to assess for urinary retention. To look for evidence and the cause of chronic kidney disease, for example shrunken kidneys. [1] To assist with an interventional procedure, such as the taking of a biopsy, or draining of an abscess or cyst. [1] To monitor a kidney transplant. [1]