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Catharanthus roseus is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant growing 1 m (39 in) tall. The leaves are oval to oblong, 2.5–9 cm (1.0–3.5 in) long and 1–3.5 cm (0.4–1.4 in) wide, glossy green, hairless, with a pale midrib and a short petiole 1–1.8 cm (0.4–0.7 in) long; they are arranged in opposite pairs.
Catharanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae.Like the genus Vinca, they are known commonly as periwinkles. [3] There are eight known species. Seven are endemic to Madagascar, [4] though one, C. roseus, is widely naturalized around the world.
Vinca (/ ˈ v ɪ ŋ k ə /; [2] Latin: vincire "to bind, fetter") is an Old World genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, The English name periwinkle is shared with the related genus Catharanthus (and with the mollusc Littorina littorea). Some Vinca species are cultivated but have also spread invasively.
The Madagascan periwinkle Catharanthus roseus L. is the source for a number of important natural products, [1] including catharanthine and vindoline [2] and the vinca alkaloids it produces from them: leurosine and the chemotherapy agents vinblastine [3] and vincristine, [4] all of which can be obtained from the plant.
Catharanthus or Madagascar periwinkles Catharanthus roseus or rosy periwinkle; Vinca or European periwinkles Vinca major or greater periwinkle; Vinca minor or lesser periwinkle; Vinca herbacea or herbaceous periwinkle
Catharanthus roseus is endemic to this region of southern Madagascar and is produced on farms around Ambovombe-Androy and Fort Dauphin. The plant is exported from this area and then used as a natural source of the alkaloids used to make vincristine, vinblastine and other vinca alkaloid cancer drugs. [2] [3] [4]
Catharanthus roseus yields alkaloids used in the treatment of cancer. [22] [23] Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana, and Tabernaemontana undulata contain the alkaloid ibogaine, which is a psychedelic drug which may help with drug addiction, but which has significant adverse effects, [24] [25] with ibogaine being both cardiotoxic and neurotoxic ...
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