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In telecommunications, the effective height of an antenna is the height of the antenna's center of radiation above the ground. In low- frequency applications involving loaded or nonloaded vertical antennas, the effective height is the moment of the current distribution in the vertical section, divided by the input current.
Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television , as it is more important than effective radiated power (ERP) in determining the range of broadcasts ( VHF and ...
Mobile station antenna height correction factor as described in the Hata model for urban areas. For suburban or rural environments this factor is defined as, a ( h R , f ) = ( 1.1 log 10 f MHz − 0.7 ) h R m − ( 1.56 log 10 f MHz − 0.8 ) {\displaystyle a(h_{R},f)=\left(1.1\log _{10}{\frac {f}{\text{MHz}}}-0.7\right){\frac {h_{R ...
Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...
It can be used for base-station antenna heights ranging from 30–1000 m. Okumura developed a set of curves giving the median attenuation relative to free space (A mu), in an urban area over a quasi-smooth terrain with a base station effective antenna height (hte) of 200 m and a mobile antenna height (hre) of 3 m. These curves were developed ...
h is the height of the antenna, λ is the wavelength, and I 0 is the RMS input current in amperes. This formula shows that the radiated power depends on the product of the base current and the effective height, and is used to determine how many metre-amps are required to achieve a given amount of radiated power.
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Omnidirectional radiation patterns are produced by the simplest practical antennas, monopole and dipole antennas, consisting of one or two straight rod conductors on a common axis. Antenna gain (G) is defined as antenna efficiency (e) multiplied by antenna directivity (D) which is expressed mathematically as: =.