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Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, also known as total anomalous pulmonary venous return, is a rare cyanotic congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary veins drain into the right side of the heart instead of the left, as is usually seen. This can happen within the heart (intracardiac) where it drains into the coronary sinus or ...
A 12-lead ECG of a woman with Ebstein's anomaly: The ECG shows signs of right atrial enlargement, best seen in V1. Other P waves are broad and tall, these are termed "Himalayan" P waves. Also, a right bundle-branch block pattern and a first-degree atrioventricular block (prolonged PR-interval) due to intra-atrial conduction delay are seen.
Transposition of the great vessels (TGV) is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels: superior and/or inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and aorta.
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth.They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms.
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. [7]
5 Words: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return; A mainstem intubation with an endotracheal tube can lead to right-to-left shunting. [citation needed] This occurs when the tip of the endotracheal tube is placed beyond the carina. In this way only one lung is oxygenated and oxygen-poor blood from the non-ventilated lung dilutes the oxygen level ...
The failure of the circulatory system of the newborn to adapt to these changes by lowering PVR leads to persistent fetal circulation. [2] The newborn is therefore born with elevated PVR, which leads to pulmonary hypertension. Because of this, the condition is also widely known as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). [3]
It can provide direct visualisation of the anomalous coronary artery and other associated structural abnormalities, and it can also assess myocardial function. The use of pulse and color-flow doppler can sometimes visualise reversal flow in the pulmonic artery.