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Lichens often have a regular but very slow growth rate of less than a millimeter per year. In crustose lichens, the area along the margin is where the most active growth is taking place. [40]: 159 Most crustose lichens grow only 1–2 mm in diameter per year.
The map lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum), the lichen most used in lichenometry. Lichenometry can provide dates for glacial deposits in tundra environments, lake level changes, glacial moraines, trim lines, palaeofloods, [9] rockfalls, seismic events associated with the rockfalls, [2] talus stabilization and former extent of permafrost or very persistent snow cover. [10]
Baeomyces rufus, commonly known as the brown beret lichen, [3] [4] is a fruticose lichen belonging to the cap lichen family, Baeomycetaceae. The species was first described by J.F Rebentisch in 1804. [ 1 ]
Rhizocarpon geographicum (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field.
Cladonia rangiferina, also known as reindeer cup lichen, [2] reindeer lichen (cf. Sw. renlav) or grey reindeer lichen, is a light-coloured fruticose, cup lichen species in the family Cladoniaceae. It grows in both hot and cold climates in well-drained, open environments. Found primarily in areas of alpine tundra, it is extremely cold-hardy.
Lichenometry relies upon the fact that the maximum diameter of the largest thallus of an epilithic lichen growing on a substrate is directly proportional to the time from first exposure of the area to the environment as seen in studies by Roland Beschel [24] in 1950 and is especially useful in areas exposed for less than 1000 years. Growth is ...
Lichen-like fossils have been found in the Doushantuo Formation in southern China dating back to 635–551 Ma. [27] Lichens were a component of the early terrestrial ecosystems, and the estimated age of the oldest terrestrial lichen fossil is 400 Ma; [ 28 ] this date corresponds to the age of the oldest known sporocarp fossil, a ...
An endolithic lichen is a crustose lichen that grows inside solid rock, growing between the grains, with only the fruiting bodies exposed to the air. [1]