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Bone can be harvested from non-essential bones, such as from the iliac crest, or more commonly in oral and maxillofacial surgery, from the mandibular symphysis (chin area) or anterior mandibular ramus (the coronoid process); this is particularly true for block grafts, in which a small block of bone is placed whole in the area being grafted.
Evidence that the bone graft is forming will be seen on x-ray at about 8 weeks. Movement of teeth into the graft can begin at 3 months once bone graft consolidation is seen on xray. [4] Recovery from the bone harvest will vary depending on the site (if harvested) with the anterior iliac crest being sore for 2–3 weeks. [citation needed]
A fracture of the left iliac wing. The iliac crest has a large amount of red bone marrow, and thus it is the site of bone marrow harvests (from both sides) to collect the stem cells used in bone marrow transplantation. The iliac crest is also considered the best donor site for bone grafting when a large quantity of bone is needed. For example ...
The bone may be autologous, typically harvested from the iliac crest of the pelvis, or banked bone/allograft. [2] Vascular grafting – the use of transplanted or prosthetic blood vessels in surgical procedures. Ligament grafting repair – as with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction.
A Phemister graft is a type of bone graft which uses bone tissue harvested from the patient to treat slow-healing, or delayed union bone fractures. [1] Thus, it is a form of autotransplantation. Typically, the tissue used in the graft is cancellous bone harvested from the patient's Iliac crest and laid in strips across the fracture site.
It is thinner at the center than at the extremities, and ends in the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines. The surface of the crest is broad, and divided into external and internal lips, and an intermediate line. About 5 cm behind the anterior superior iliac spine there is a prominent tubercle on the outer lip.
Bone may be harvested from the nearby iliac crest for use elsewhere in the body. [5] As the subcostal nerve lies close to the anterior superior iliac spine, this is put at risk of damage. [5] The iliotibial tract may be irritated where it passes over the anterior superior iliac spine in iliotibial band syndrome. [3]
In the spine, there is bone formation along the anterior longitudinal ligament and sometimes the posterior longitudinal ligament, which may lead to partial or complete fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The facet and sacroiliac joints tend to be uninvolved. The thoracic spine is the most common level involved. [2]