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Other polymers formed by cationic polymerization are homopolymers and copolymers of polyterpenes, such as pinenes (plant-derived products), that are used as tackifiers. In the field of heterocycles, 1,3,5-trioxane is copolymerized with small amounts of ethylene oxide to form the highly crystalline polyoxymethylene plastic.
In polymer chemistry, ionic polymerization is a chain-growth polymerization in which active centers are ions or ion pairs. [2] It can be considered as an alternative to radical polymerization, and may refer to anionic polymerization or cationic polymerization. [3] As with radical polymerization, reactions are initiated by a reactive compound.
For example, block copolymers often form micelles, as will star polymers and branched polymers. However, star and branched polymers can form rod or worm-shaped micelles rather than the typical spheres. Brush polymers are usually used for modifying surfaces since their structure doesn’t allow them to form a larger structure like a micelle. [1]
Nanoparticles range in size from 10 - 1000 nm (or 1 μm) and they can be made from natural or artificial polymers, lipids, dendrimers, and micelles. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] Most polymers used for nanoparticle drug delivery systems are natural, biocompatible , and biodegradable , which helps prevent contamination in the CNS.
Polyacrylamide (abbreviated as PAM or pAAM) is a polymer with the formula (-CH 2 CHCONH 2-). It has a linear-chain structure. PAM is highly water-absorbent, forming a soft gel when hydrated. In 2008, an estimated 750,000,000 kg were produced, mainly for water treatment and the paper and mineral industries. [1]
Polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyaziridine is a polymer with repeating units composed of the amine group and two carbon aliphatic CH 2 CH 2 spacers. Linear polyethyleneimines contain all secondary amines, in contrast to branched PEIs which contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS [1]) was a Trademark name by The Lubrizol Corporation. It is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers. In the 1970s, the earliest patents using this monomer were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
Polylysine is a homopolypeptide belonging to the group of cationic polymers: at pH 7, polylysine contains a positively charged hydrophilic amino group. Structure of α-polylysine. α-Polylysine is a synthetic polymer, which can be composed of either L-lysine or D-lysine. "L" and "D" refer to the chirality at lysine's central carbon.