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In computational number theory and computational algebra, Pollard's kangaroo algorithm (also Pollard's lambda algorithm, see Naming below) is an algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem. The algorithm was introduced in 1978 by the number theorist John M. Pollard , in the same paper as his better-known Pollard's rho algorithm for ...
This code defines a function map, which applies the first argument (a function) to each of the elements of the second argument (a list), and returns the resulting list. The two lines are the two definitions of the function for the two kinds of arguments possible in this case – one where the list is empty (just return an empty list) and the ...
(Here we use the standard notations and conventions of lambda calculus: Y is a function that takes one argument f and returns the entire expression following the first period; the expression . ( ) denotes a function that takes one argument x, thought of as a function, and returns the expression ( ), where ( ) denotes x applied to itself ...
Although Goodman and Kruskal's lambda is a simple way to assess the association between variables, it yields a value of 0 (no association) whenever two variables are in accord—that is, when the modal category is the same for all values of the independent variable, even if the modal frequencies or percentages vary. As an example, consider the ...
In general, the RLS can be used to solve any problem that can be solved by adaptive filters. For example, suppose that a signal d ( n ) {\displaystyle d(n)} is transmitted over an echoey, noisy channel that causes it to be received as
The cell-probe model is a modification of the random-access machine model, in which computational cost is only assigned to accessing memory cells. The model is intended for proving lower bounds on the complexity of data structure problems. One type of such problems has two phases: the preprocessing phase and the query phase.
G := λr. λn.(1, if n = 0; else n × (r r (n−1))) with r r x = F x = G r x to hold, so r = G and F := G G = (λx.x x) G. The self-application achieves replication here, passing the function's lambda expression on to the next invocation as an argument value, making it available to be referenced and called there.
One method used to study these automata is to follow its history with an initial state of all 0s except for a single cell with a 1. When the rule number is even (so that an input of 000 does not compute to a 1) it makes sense to interpret state at each time, t , as an integer expressed in binary, producing a sequence a ( t ) of integers.