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Cycads in South Africa. Cycads / ˈ s aɪ k æ d z / are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or female. Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters ...
Cycads all over the world are in decline, with four species on the brink of extinction and seven species have fewer than 100 plants left in the wild. [2] 23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent.
Cycas is a genus of cycad, and the only genus in the family Cycadaceae with all other genera of cycad being divided between the Stangeriaceae and Zamiaceae families. Cycas circinalis, a species endemic to India, was the first cycad species to be described in western literature, and is the type species of the genus.
While there are more than 200 species of cycads, only one is native to Florida, and only a couple are popular landscaping plants in our area.
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The sperm of members from the genus are large, as is typical of cycads, and Z. roezlii is an example; its sperm are approximately 0.4 mm long and can be seen by the unaided eye. [11] It was long believed that Zamia plants, like all cycads, relied completely on wind pollination.
Cycadeoidea stems were "short and barrel-shaped," with a "crown of pinnate leaves" atop the stem. [5] The trunk was covered in imbricate leaf bases, similar to the trunks of cycads. The exact nature of the leaves that topped the stem is unclear, as the trunks are preserved without the adult leaves.
Annual grass fires are common in its natural habitats. The species is extremely fire tolerant, and the usually early spring fires initiate a profusion of new leaf growth in the plants, thus the common name, fire fern. It is one of the most abundant cycads in the world, with a population estimate of over ten million. The conservation status is ...