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It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by γ for an ideal gas [note 1] or κ , the isentropic exponent for a real gas. The symbol γ is used by aerospace and chemical engineers.
The Rüchardt experiment, [1] [2] [3] invented by Eduard Rüchardt, is a famous experiment in thermodynamics, which determines the ratio of the molar heat capacities of a gas, i.e. the ratio of (heat capacity at constant pressure) and (heat capacity at constant volume) and is denoted by (gamma, for ideal gas) or (kappa, isentropic exponent, for real gas).
Note that energy can be exchanged with the flow in an isentropic transformation, as long as it doesn't happen as heat exchange. An example of such an exchange would be an isentropic expansion or compression that entails work done on or by the flow. For an isentropic flow, entropy density can vary between different streamlines.
γ is the adiabatic index also known as the isentropic expansion factor. ... This equation applies only when the sound wave is a small perturbation on the ambient ...
For isentropic expansion, = + For isentropic compression, = where, is the absolute value of the angle through which ...
Choked velocity, also referred to as sonic velocity, occurs when the ratio of the absolute source pressure to the absolute downstream pressure is equal to or greater than [(k + 1) / 2] k / (k − 1), where k is the specific heat ratio of the discharged gas (sometimes called the isentropic expansion factor and sometimes denoted as ).
In gas dynamics, the Kantrowitz limit refers to a theoretical concept describing choked flow at supersonic or near-supersonic velocities. [1] When an initially subsonic fluid flow experiences a reduction in cross-section area, the flow speeds up in order to maintain the same mass-flow rate, per the continuity equation.
As an example calculation using the above equation, assume that the propellant combustion gases are: at an absolute pressure entering the nozzle of p = 7.0 MPa and exit the rocket exhaust at an absolute pressure of p e = 0.1 MPa; at an absolute temperature of T = 3500 K; with an isentropic expansion factor of γ = 1.22 and a molar mass of M ...