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Date Event 1988: ITER project officially initiated. [103] Conceptual design activities ran from 1988 to 1990. [104] 1992: Engineering design activities from 1992 [105] to 1998. [106] 2006: Approval of a cost estimate of €10 billion (US$12.8 billion) projecting the start of construction in 2008 and completion a decade later. [37] 2007: Site ...
Assembly of ITER, which has been under construction for years, commences. [125] The Chinese experimental nuclear fusion reactor HL-2M is turned on for the first time, achieving its first plasma discharge. [126] On November 1, the National Ignition Facility records the first burning plasma achieved in a laboratory. [127] 2021
The report revised their budget estimate to $2.25 billion, not including related R&D which pushed it to $3.3 billion total, and pushed back the completion date to 2006 with the first lines coming online in 2004. [91] [92] A follow-up report the next year pushed the budget to $4.2 billion, and the completion date to 2008.
The United States drops its own ITER-scale tokamak project, FIRE, recognising an inability to match EU progress. [37] 2005. In August, the first proton-boron fusion via inertial confinement is reported. [38] Following final negotiations between the EU and Japan, ITER chooses Cadarache over Rokkasho for the site of the reactor. In concession ...
Completion year Cost Notes Ref Great Mississippi Flood relief: Mississippi Delta region: Great Mississippi Flood of 1927: 1927: completed: $246 million to $1 billion: $4.2–$17.3 billion in 2023 dollars [12] Mount St. Helens eruption cleanup: Washington state, USA: 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens: 1980: $1.1 billion [13] Chernobyl New Safe ...
To deliver power to the fusion plasma in ITER, two heating neutral beam injectors will be installed. They are designed to provide the power of 17 MW each, through the 23 m beamlines, up to the four-meter diameter container: in order to deposit sufficient heating power in the plasma core instead of the plasma edges, the beam particle energy shall be about 1 MeV, thus increasing the neutral beam ...
[8] [9] However, the ITER experience suggests that development of a multi-billion US dollar tokamak-based technology innovation cycle able to develop fusion power stations that can compete with non-fusion energy technologies is likely to encounter the "valley of death" problem in venture capital, i.e., insufficient investment to go beyond ...
Assembly of the ITER experimental fusion reactor officially begins in France, with a scheduled completion date of 2025. [91] 29 July: Scientists report that work honored by Nobel prizes clusters in only a few scientific fields. [92] 29 July