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The insulation in the windward and leeward walls is behaving dynamically in the contra-flux mode with U-values of 0.0008 W/(m 2 K) and 0.1 W/(m 2 K) respectively. Since the building has a square footprint the average U-value for the walls is 0.1252 W/m 2 K. For other wind speeds and directions, the U-values will be different.
The CLF is the cooling load at a given time compared to the heat gain from earlier in the day. [1] [5] The SC, or shading coefficient, is used widely in the evaluation of heat gain through glass and windows. [1] [5] Finally, the SCL, or solar cooling load factor, accounts for the variables associated with solar heat load.
Structural dynamics is a type of structural analysis which covers the behavior of a structure subjected to dynamic (actions having high acceleration) loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts.
Wind load. Wind load is a normal force acting on the building as the result of wind blowing on the building. [8] Wind pressure is resisted by the curtain wall system since it envelops and protects the building. Wind loads vary greatly throughout the world, with the largest wind loads being near the coast in hurricane-prone regions.
EN 1991-1-4 gives guidance on the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes the whole structure or parts of the structure or elements attached to the structure, e. g. components, cladding units and their fixings, safety ...
Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system. EIFS has been in use since the 1960s in North America and was first used on masonry buildings.
Basic insulation is any material added to protect a user from accidental contact with energized parts. Supplemental insulation is rated to withstand 1500 volts AC. Double insulation is a design concept where failure of one insulation system will not expose the user to a shock hazard due to the presence of a second independent layer of insulation.
If the renovation is of a smaller nature, the renovation directive applies. Examples of renovation are post-insulation of a cavity wall and post-insulation of a sloping roof against the roof boarding or under the tiles. Note that every renovation must meet the minimum Rc value of 1.3 W/(m 2 ⋅K). If the current insulation has a higher ...