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Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells. The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins.
Some inflammatory cytokines have additional roles such as acting as growth factors. [5] Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system.It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [5] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity.
16163 Ensembl ENSG00000169194 ENSMUSG00000020383 UniProt P35225 P20109 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002188 NM_008355 RefSeq (protein) NP_002179 NP_001341920 NP_001341921 NP_001341922 NP_032381 Location (UCSC) n/a Chr 11: 53.52 – 53.53 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 was first cloned in 1993 ...
IL-18 in combination with IL-12 acts on CD4, CD8 T cells and NK cells to induce IFNγ production, a type II interferon that plays an important role in activating macrophages and other cells. The combination of IL-18 and IL-12 has been shown to inhibit IL-4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production and enhance IgG2a production in B cells . [ 17 ]
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL15 gene.IL-15 is an inflammatory cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Like IL-2, IL-15 binds to and signals through a complex composed of IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta chain and the common gamma chain (gamma-C, CD132).
Interleukin 16 is a pro-inflammatory pleiotropic cytokine. Its precursor, pro-interleukin-16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL16 gene . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This gene was discovered in 1982 at Boston University by Dr. David Center and Dr. William Cruikshank.
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene. [5] [6] In general, Interleukin 1 is responsible for the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis.