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  2. Insulator (electricity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)

    The insulator has a groove near the top just below the crown. The conductor passes through this groove and is tied to the insulator with annealed wire of the same material as the conductor. Pin-type insulators are used for transmission and distribution of communication signals, and electric power at voltages up to 33 kV.

  3. Electrical conductor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor

    where is the length of the conductor, measured in metres [m], A is the cross-section area of the conductor measured in square metres [m 2], σ is the electrical conductivity measured in siemens per meter (S·m −1), and ρ is the electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance) of the material, measured in ohm-metres (Ω·m ...

  4. Drude model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drude_model

    Conductors have a large density of free electrons whereas insulators do not; ions may be present in either. Given the good electrical and thermal conductivity in metals and the poor electrical and thermal conductivity in insulators, a natural starting point to estimate the thermal conductivity is to calculate the contribution of the conduction ...

  5. Dielectric gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_gas

    Poor insulator when used alone. In mixture with SF 6 somewhat decreases sulfur hexafluoride's dielectric properties, but significantly lowers the mixture's boiling point and prevents condensation at extremely low temperatures. Lowers the cost, toxicity and corrosiveness of pure SF 6. [5] Hexafluoroethane (R-116) C 2 F 6: 2.02 [1] 138: 5.734 ...

  6. Charge carrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_carrier

    Proton conductors are electrolytic conductors employing positive hydrogen ions as carriers. [8] In a plasma, an electrically charged gas which is found in electric arcs through air, neon signs, and the sun and stars, the electrons and cations of ionized gas act as charge carriers. [9] In a vacuum, free electrons can act as charge carriers.

  7. Charge-transfer insulators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-transfer_insulators

    Charge-transfer insulators are a class of materials predicted to be conductors following conventional band theory, but which are in fact insulators due to a charge-transfer process. Unlike in Mott insulators , where the insulating properties arise from electrons hopping between unit cells, the electrons in charge-transfer insulators move ...