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  2. Unification of Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_of_Germany

    The unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʔaɪnɪɡʊŋ] ⓘ) was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).

  3. Unification of Italy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_of_Italy

    However, on 8 April, Italy and Prussia signed an agreement that supported Italy's acquisition of Venetia, and on 20 June Italy issued a declaration of war on Austria. Within the context of Italian unification, the Austro-Prussian war is called the Third Independence War , after the First (1848) and the Second (1859).

  4. European balance of power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_balance_of_power

    The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe. During much of the Modern Age, the balance was achieved by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contending for power, [1] which culminated in the World Wars of the early 20th century.

  5. Causes of the Franco-Prussian War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_Franco...

    The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding German unification. In the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War (1866), Prussia had annexed numerous ethnically German territories and formed the North German Confederation with other German territories. Prussia then turned its attention towards the south of ...

  6. Frankfurt National Assembly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_National_Assembly

    In his opening speech on 19 May 1848, Gagern defined the main tasks of the national assembly as the creation of a "constitution for Germany" and the achievement of German unification. This was followed by a total of 230 sessions, supported by 26 committees and five commissions, in the course of which the deputies developed the Frankfurt ...

  7. German question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_question

    German unity as fiasco with each state viewing itself separate. Cartoon from Münchner Leuchtkugeln, 1848. Caption reads: "German Unity. A Tragedy in one Act." The "German question" was a debate in the 19th century, especially during the Revolutions of 1848, over the best way to achieve a unification of all or most lands inhabited by Germans.

  8. Germany–Italy relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GermanyItaly_relations

    Italia und Germania, painted by Johann Friedrich Overbeck before Italian and German Unification.. Relations were established after the Unification of Italy.The two countries historically enjoy a special relationship since they fought together against the Austrian Empire and parts of their respective territories belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation.

  9. Timeline of the unification of Italy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the...

    This is a timeline of the unification of Italy. 1849 – August 24: Venice falls to Austrian forces that have crushed the rebellion in Venetia; 1858 – Meeting at Plombieres: Napoleon III and Cavour decide to stage a war with Austria, in return for Piedmont gaining Lombardy, Venetia, Parma and Modena, and France gaining Savoy and Nice.