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A commonly used protocol for determining the androgenic:anabolic ratio, dating back to the 1950s, uses the relative weights of ventral prostate (VP) and levator ani muscle (LA) of male rats. The VP weight is an indicator of the androgenic effect, while the LA weight is an indicator of the anabolic effect.
Subcutaneous infusion, also known as interstitial infusion or hypodermoclysis, is a form of subcutaneous (under the skin) administration of fluids to the body, often saline or glucose solutions. [26] It is the infusion counterpart of subcutaneous injection with a syringe.
Goat milk is commonly processed into cheese, butter, ice cream, yogurt, cajeta and other products. Goat cheese is known as fromage de chèvre (' goat cheese ') in France. Some varieties include Rocamadour and Montrachet. [4] Goat butter is white because goats produce milk with the yellow beta-carotene converted to a colorless form of vitamin A ...
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
The LD 50 ("Lethal Dose 50%") test is used to evaluate the toxicity of a substance by determining the dose required to kill 50% of the test animal population. This test was removed from OECD international guidelines in 2002, replaced by methods such as the fixed dose procedure , which use fewer animals and cause less suffering.
Adult mammalian muscle consists of roughly 75 percent water, 19 percent protein, 2.5 percent intramuscular fat, 1.2 percent carbohydrates and 2.3 percent other soluble substances. These include organic compounds, especially amino acids , and inorganic substances such as minerals. [ 24 ]
The reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution has lower concentrations of glucose and sodium chloride than the original solution, but the concentrations of potassium and citrate are unchanged. [28] [13] [29] [30] The reduced osmolarity solution has been criticized by some for not providing enough sodium for adults with cholera. [31]
Adult Liquid nitrogen Cupronickel > 30 sec [5] Deer: 1 Adult Liquid nitrogen Cupronickel 20 sec [8] Elephant: 1 2 years Both ears Dry ice and ethanol Copper 2x 2 minutes 1–2 weeks more than 7 months [49] Goat 1 [5] Dwarf mongoose: 1 Adult Dry ice and ethanol Copper 3–5 sec 3–6 weeks [50] Hamster: 1 [5] Black-tailed prairie dog: 1 Back