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The equilibrium constant for the protonation of a base, B, + H + ⇌ + is an association constant, K b, which is simply related to the dissociation constant of the conjugate acid, BH +. = The value of is ca. 14 at 25 °C. This approximation can be used when the correct value is not known.
and since the molar mass is a constant in dilute solutions, an equilibrium constant value determined using (3) will be simply proportional to the values obtained with (1) and (2). It is common practice in biochemistry to quote a value with a dimension as, for example, " K a = 30 mM" in order to indicate the scale, millimolar (mM) or ...
The thermal process produces phosphoric acid with a very high concentration of P 2 O 5 (about 85%) and a low level of impurities. However, this process is more expensive and energy-intensive than the wet process, which produces phosphoric acid with a lower concentration of P 2 O 5 (about 26-52%) and a higher
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. [1] In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures ...
In general, for an acid AH n at concentration c 1 reacting with a base B(OH) m at concentration c 2 the volumes are related by: n v 1 c 1 = m v 2 c 2. An example of a base being neutralized by an acid is as follows. Ba(OH) 2 + 2 H + → Ba 2+ + 2 H 2 O. The same equation relating the concentrations of acid and base applies.
Here, 1 / f eq can have a fractional (non-integer) value. In precipitation reactions, the equivalence factor measures the number of ions which will precipitate in a given reaction. Here, 1 / f eq is an integer value. Normal concentration of an ionic solution is also related to conductivity (electrolytic) through the use of ...
A typical titration curve of a diprotic acid, oxalic acid, titrated with a strong base, sodium hydroxide.Both equivalence points are visible. Titrations are often recorded on graphs called titration curves, which generally contain the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the ...
where A and B are reactants C is a product a, b, and c are stoichiometric coefficients,. the reaction rate is often found to have the form: = [] [] Here is the reaction rate constant that depends on temperature, and [A] and [B] are the molar concentrations of substances A and B in moles per unit volume of solution, assuming the reaction is taking place throughout the volume of the ...