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  2. Circular dependency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_dependency

    Circular dependencies can cause many unwanted effects in software programs. Most problematic from a software design point of view is the tight coupling of the mutually dependent modules which reduces or makes impossible the separate re-use of a single module.

  3. Acyclic dependencies principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyclic_dependencies_principle

    The acyclic dependencies principle (ADP) is a software design principle defined by Robert C. Martin that states that "the dependency graph of packages or components should have no cycles". [1] This implies that the dependencies form a directed acyclic graph .

  4. Dependency graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_graph

    If a dependency graph does not have any circular dependencies, it forms a directed acyclic graph, and an evaluation order may be found by topological sorting. Most topological sorting algorithms are also capable of detecting cycles in their inputs; however, it may be desirable to perform cycle detection separately from topological sorting in ...

  5. Topological sorting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting

    The canonical application of topological sorting is in scheduling a sequence of jobs or tasks based on their dependencies.The jobs are represented by vertices, and there is an edge from x to y if job x must be completed before job y can be started (for example, when washing clothes, the washing machine must finish before we put the clothes in the dryer).

  6. Reference counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_counting

    A mechanism relying purely on reference counts will never consider cyclic chains of objects for deletion, since their reference count is guaranteed to stay nonzero (cf. picture). Methods for dealing with this issue exist but can also increase the overhead and complexity of reference counting — on the other hand, these methods need only be ...

  7. Dependency hell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell

    Dependency hell is a colloquial term for the frustration of some software users who have installed software packages which have dependencies on specific versions of other software packages. [ 1 ] The dependency issue arises when several packages have dependencies on the same shared packages or libraries, but they depend on different and ...

  8. Graphical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_model

    An example of a directed, cyclic graphical model. Each arrow indicates a dependency. In this example: D depends on A, B, and C; and C depends on B and D; whereas A and B are each independent. The next figure depicts a graphical model with a cycle. This may be interpreted in terms of each variable 'depending' on the values of its parents in some ...

  9. Dependency inversion principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle

    In object-oriented design, the dependency inversion principle is a specific methodology for loosely coupled software modules.When following this principle, the conventional dependency relationships established from high-level, policy-setting modules to low-level, dependency modules are reversed, thus rendering high-level modules independent of the low-level module implementation details.