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The Cardenas Basalt, also known as either the Cardenas Lava or Cardenas Lavas, is a rock formation that outcrops over an area of about 310 km 2 (120 mi 2) in the eastern Grand Canyon, Coconino County, Arizona.
Stromatolites have been reported from the Comanche Point Member. The Dox Formation locally interfingers with, and is baked by, basalt lava flows of the overlying Cardenas Basalt. Within the central Grand Canyon, pre-Tapeats Sandstone erosion has removed parts of the Unkar Group above the level of the middle part of the Dox Formation.
The Apache Group near the bottom of the Grand Canyon, includes fluvial shale and sandstone, as well as limestone from a shallow sea, exposed in the Salt River Canyon. The limestone contains stromatolite remains, mounds of blue-green algae. The Apache Group was intruded with basalt and diabase between 1.05 and 1.14
The Uinkaret volcanic field is an area of monogenetic volcanoes in northwestern Arizona, United States, located on the north rim of the Grand Canyon. [2] Lava flows from the Uinkaret volcanic field that have cascaded down into the Grand Canyon, damming the Colorado River, have been used to date the canyon's carving. [3]
The majority of the Grand Canyon Supergroup geologic members are found in the south and southwest stretch of the Colorado River starting from Marble Canyon, traverses the southeast perimeter of the Kaibab Plateau, and flows northeasterly entering Granite Gorge and regions of the Vishnu Basement Rocks.
The Neoproterozoic Nankoweap Formation (pronounced Nan' coe weep), is a thin sequence of distinctive red beds that consist of reddish brown and tan sandstones and subordinate siltstones and mudrocks that unconformably overlie basaltic lava flows of the Cardenas Basalt of the Unkar Group and underlie the sedimentary strata of the Galeros Formation of the Chuar Group.
Keller, B., (2012b) Stromatolite Fossils in the Hakatai Shale , Overview of the Grand Canyon Supergroup, Grand Hikes, Bob's Rock Shop. Mathis, A., and C. Bowman (2007) The Grand Age of Rocks: The Numeric Ages for Rocks Exposed within Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
As in the case of the Grand Canyon asbestos deposits, dolomite and limestone reacted with silica-bearing fluids, heated by the basalt intrusions, forming the serpentine mineral chrysotile. Much like the Grand Canyon asbestos deposits, these basaltic sills and dikes range in age from 1,050 to 1,140 Ma.