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A chess piece, or chessman, is a game piece that is placed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. It can be either white or black , and it can be one of six types: king , queen , rook , bishop , knight , or pawn .
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order.Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.For a list of unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; for a list of terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems; for a list of named opening lines, see List of chess openings; for a list of chess-related games, see List of ...
Piece values exist because calculating to checkmate in most positions is beyond reach even for top computers. Thus, players aim primarily to create a material advantage; to pursue this goal, it is normally helpful to quantitatively approximate the strength of an army of pieces.
The ferz is a very old piece, appearing in chaturanga and shatranj, the ancestors of all chess variants; it also featured in games such as Tamerlane chess. The ferz was a standard chess piece until the modern moves of queen and bishop were developed around the 15th century, with the ferz being replaced by the former.
The wazir is a very old piece, appearing in some very early chess variants, such as Tamerlane chess. The wazir also appears in some historical large shogi variants, such as in dai shogi under the name angry boar (嗔猪 shinchō). The general in xiangqi moves like a wazir but may not leave its palace or end its turn in check.
Antique Indian elephant chess piece representing the king. The pil, alfil, alpil, or elephant is a fairy chess piece that can jump two squares diagonally. It first appeared in shatranj. It is used in many historical and regional chess variants. It was used in standard chess before being replaced by the bishop in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Janggi (Korean: 장기, also romanized as changgi or jangki), sometimes called Korean chess, is a strategy board game popular on the Korean Peninsula.The game was derived from xiangqi (Chinese chess), and is very similar to it, including the starting position of some of the pieces, and the 9×10 gameboard, but without the xiangqi "river" dividing the board horizontally in the middle.
An icon for the amazon used in diagrams. The amazon, also known as the queen+knight compound or the dragon, is a fairy chess piece that can move like a queen or a knight.It may thus be considered the sum of all orthodox chess pieces other than the king (because it cannot castle and does not know when it is under threat via the check rule) and the pawn (because it cannot practice en passant).