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The unstable peace came to an end in the summer of 1647 when a diplomatic mission headed by Jesuit Father Isaac Jogues and Jean de Lalande to Mohawk territory (one of the five Iroquois nations) was accused of treachery and evil magic.
Although the Jesuits tried to establish missions from present-day Florida in 1566 up to present-day Virginia in 1571, the Jesuit missions wouldn't gain a strong foothold in North America until 1632, with the arrival of the Jesuit Paul Le Jeune. Between 1632 and 1650, 46 French Jesuits arrived in North America to preach among the Indians. [1]: 2
François-Joseph Bressani SJ (Francesco-Giuseppe) (6 May 1612 – 9 September 1672) was an Italian-born Jesuit priest who served as a missionary in New France between 1642 and 1650. At one point, he was captured by the Mohawk people and ritually tortured. Because of failing health, he returned to Italy, serving the church there.
Rene Goupil, a surgeon and later Jesuit lay brother, and Father Isaac Jogues were brought to the Mohawk settlement of Ossernenon. Caught teaching a child the sign of the cross, Goupil was felled with a blow from a hatchet and died. He was the first of the Jesuit order in the Canadian missions to suffer martyrdom. [5]
Kahnawake was created under what was known as the Seigneurie du Sault-Saint-Louis, a 40,320-acre (163.2 km 2) territory which the French Crown granted in 1680 to the Jesuits to "protect" and "nurture" those Mohawk newly converted to Catholicism. [9]
It is located south of the Mohawk River, near a Jesuit cemetery containing remains of missionaries who died in the area from 1669 to 1684, when the Jesuits had a local mission to the Mohawk. Churches dedicated to the Canadian Martyrs
The Jesuits in Nouvelle France (Canada) later developed a mission village known as Caughnawaga and spelled as Kahnawake, reflecting Mohawk pronunciation. [3] The Jesuits founded the mission south of Montreal in 1718 for Mohawk and other Iroquois peoples, and other converts to Catholicism. Most residents were Mohawk.
Caughnawaga was occupied by the Mohawk from at least 1666 to 1693. French Jesuits established a mission there, which operated for about 10 years ranging from 1668 to 1679. They taught some of the Mohawk to read and write in French, as well as teaching them about Christianity.