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Hamburg (/ ˈ h æ m b ɜːr ɡ /; [7] German: [ˈhambʊʁk] ⓘ, [8] locally also [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç] ⓘ; Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhambɔːç] ⓘ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, [9] [a] is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 6th-largest in the European Union with a population of over 1.9 million.
The city was a member of the medieval Hanseatic trading league and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1815 until 1866 Hamburg was an independent and sovereign state of the German Confederation , then the North German Confederation (1866–71), the German Empire (1871–1918) and during the period of the Weimar Republic (1918–33).
The Hanseatic League [a] was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 12th century, the League expanded between the 13th and 15th centuries and ultimately encompassed nearly 200 settlements across eight modern-day countries, ranging from Estonia in the north and east, to the ...
First Mayor Johann Heinrich Burchard. The relationship between the Hanseatic and noble families varied depending on the city. The most republican city was Hamburg, where the nobility was banned, from the 13th century to the 19th century, from owning property, participating in the political life of the city republic, and even from living within its walls.
The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. [1] This is a traditional difference to the other German states. The president is not allowed to exert any occupation of the executive. Prior to 1871, Hamburg was a fully sovereign country
Hamburg, in German officially called Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg (Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg), is a city-state in northern Germany and the country's second largest city. The port city is located on the southern end of the Jutland Peninsula , directly between continental Central Europe to her south, Scandinavia to her north, the North ...
By the end of the 15th century, the then Hanseatic city-republic and free Imperial city had accumulated various territorial possessions in its hinterland. Eventually, Hamburg's 13th-century city-walls received a couple of extensions: first in the 1530s, then again in the 1620s to include all of adjacent Neustadt.
The Hamburg Citizen Militia (German: Hamburger Bürgermilitär) or Hanseatic Citizen Guard (German: Hanseatische Bürgergarde) was a citizen militia of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, formed from conscripted citizens and inhabitants of the city. It was formed in 1814 and dissolved in 1868.