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The result is winter temperatures that are lower than anywhere else in the Arctic, with average January temperatures of −45 to −30 °C (−49 to −22 °F), depending on location and on which data set is viewed. Minimum temperatures in winter over the higher parts of the ice sheet can drop below −60 °C (−76 °F)(CIA, 1978).
The Arctic ice pack is the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity. The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during fall and winter. Summer ice cover in the Arctic is about 50% of winter cover. [1]
The formation of the Baltic Ice Lake in the deepest part of today's Baltic Sea, at Landsort Deep which is 459 m (1,506 ft) below present sea level took place about 13,600 years ago, [27] in the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial. The Baltic Ice Lake covered a large area by 13,000 BC between present southern Sweden, Lithuania and up to Estonia. [9]
The Baltic Sea causes differences between the climate of coastal and inland areas. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.4 °C (65.1 °F) [ 1 ] inland in July, the warmest month, and from −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) on the Baltic islands to −5.3 °C (22.5 °F ...
That ice can be thought of like the Earth's air conditioner. It reflects light and heat away from our waters. It reflects light and heat away from our waters. Without it, the sun is absorbed and ...
Some parts of the Arctic are covered by ice (sea ice, glacial ice, or snow) year-round, especially at the most poleward parts; and nearly all parts of the Arctic experience long periods with some form of ice or snow on the surface. Average January temperatures range from about −40 to 0 °C (−40 to 32 °F), and winter temperatures can drop ...
Satellite image of the Baltic Sea in a mild winter Traversing Baltic Sea and ice On particularly cold winters, the coastal parts of the Baltic Sea freeze into ice thick enough to walk or ski on. The water temperature of the Baltic Sea varies significantly depending on exact location, season and depth.
Westerly winds bring the warm air currents into the Baltic areas and to the country's shores, moderating winter temperatures, especially in the south and southwest in cities like Helsinki and Turku where winter highs tend to be between 0 and 5 °C (32 and 41 °F) but a cold snap like the one that occurred in mid-January 2016 can cause ...