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Before the end of the 20th century, [when?] papermakers replaced the abacá fibers with wood pulp, [3] which cost less to source and process. [4] Despite the change in production material, "the name and color remain." [4] Since at least 1915, manila paper has been shaped to create manila file folders and manila envelopes. [5]
A2 is half the size of a sheet of A1, and so forth. Common sizes used in the office and the home are A4 and A3 (A3 is the size of two A4 sheets). The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m 3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1 500 kg/m 3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some specialty paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m 3 (50 lb/cu ft). [22]
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has found that recycling causes 35% less water pollution and 74% less air pollution than making virgin paper. [19] Pulp mills can be sources of both air and water pollution, especially if they are producing bleached pulp. Modern mills produce considerably less pollution than those of a few ...
Modern coffee filters of paper are made from about 100 g/m 2 crêped paper. The crêping allows the coffee to flow freely between the filter and the filtration funnel. [2] The raw materials for the filter paper are coarse long fiber, often from fast growing trees. For example, Melitta uses up to 60% of bambus in their filters since 1998. [3]
Front of an envelope mailed in the U.S. in 1906, with a postage stamp and address Back of the above envelope, showing an additional receiving post office postmark. An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin, flat material.
The following table is adapted from the scale of the American Library Association, [1] [9] which uses a basis sheet of 19-by-25-inch (483 by 635 mm) [10] which is, confusingly if not explained by the source, half the text/book stock sheet of 25-by-38-inch (635 by 965 mm), and in which size refers to the dimensions of the cover (trimmed pages ...
The company Hercules Incorporated developed the first alkaline sizing in the 1950s that made acid-free paper possible. [10] Despite the advances in paper making and the identification of and concern around the brittle book problem, it took decades before the adoption of ANSI NISO Standard Z39.48-1984 - Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries in 1984.
VHS (Video Home System) [1] [2] [3] is a standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes, introduced in 1976 by the Victor Company of Japan (JVC). It was the dominant home video format throughout the tape media period throughout the 1980s and 1990s. [4] [5]