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This antigen is known for its role in tissue-specific adhesion of lymphocytes to high endothelium venules. [23] Through these interactions they play a crucial role in orchestrating circulating lymphocytes. CAM function in cancer metastasis, inflammation, and thrombosis makes it a viable therapeutic target that is currently being considered.
VCAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, the superfamily of proteins including antibodies and T-cell receptors.The VCAM-1 gene contains six or seven immunoglobulin domains, and is expressed on both large and small blood vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines.
Schematic of cell adhesion. Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces such as cell junctions or indirect interaction, where cells attach to surrounding extracellular matrix, a gel-like structure containing molecules released ...
There are three subsets of selectins: E-selectin (in endothelial cells); L-selectin (in leukocytes); P-selectin (in platelets and endothelial cells); L-selectin is the smallest of the vascular selectins, expressed on all granulocytes and monocytes and on most lymphocytes, can be found in most leukocytes.
Many studies have postulated that increased production of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on the vascular endothelium (blood vessel lining) plays a role in the development of arterial plaque, with the suggestion from both in vitro and in vivo studies that the CAM production is increased by dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels in the blood). [3]
P-selectin is a type-1 transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the SELP gene. [5] P-selectin functions as a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) on the surfaces of activated endothelial cells, which line the inner surface of blood vessels, and activated platelets. In unactivated endothelial cells, it is stored in granules called Weibel ...
The literature-based adhesome contains enzymes, such as protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases, guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase activating proteins, E3-ligases and proteases, that regulate adhesion through post translational modification of the many structural and scaffolding proteins found in the adhesome ...
The addition of RGD onto a cardiac tissue scaffold has been shown to promote cell adhesion, prevent apoptosis and enhance tissue regeneration. [33] RGD peptide has also been used to improve endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation on synthetic heart valves. [34] A titanium alloy hip joint replacement.