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According to Jung, the development of a viable social persona is a vital part of adapting to, and preparing for, adult life in the external social world. [2] " A strong ego relates to the outside world through a flexible persona; identifications with a specific persona (doctor, scholar, artist, etc.) inhibits psychological development."
A persona (plural personae or personas) is a strategic mask of identity in public, [1] the public image of one's personality, the social role that one adopts, or simply a fictional character. [2] It is also considered "an intermediary between the individual and the institution."
Nomothetic psychology seeks general laws that can be applied to many different people, such as the principle of self-actualization or the trait of extraversion. Idiographic psychology is an attempt to understand the unique aspects of a particular individual.
Carl Jung described the animus as the unconscious masculine side of a woman, and the anima as the unconscious feminine side of a man, each transcending the personal psyche. [1] They are considered animistic parts within the Self, with Jung viewing parts of the self as part of the infinite set of archetypes within the collective unconscious. [2]
Personality is any person's collection of interrelated behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life. [1] [2] These interrelated patterns are relatively stable, but can change over long time periods, [3] [4] driven by experiences and maturational processes, especially the adoption of social roles as worker or parent. [2]
Archetypal psychology is a polytheistic psychology, in that it attempts to recognize the myriad fantasies and myths, gods, goddesses, demigods, mortals and animals – that shape and are shaped by humans' psychological lives. [55] According to Hillman, the ego is just one psychological fantasy that exists within a multitude of other fantasies. [54]
Stacking dolls provide a visual representation of subpersonalities.. A subpersonality is, in humanistic psychology, transpersonal psychology and ego psychology, a personality mode that activates (appears on a temporary basis) to allow a person to cope with certain types of psychosocial situations. [1]
Many theories of development have aspects of identity formation included in them. Two theories directly address the process of identity formation: Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development (specifically the Identity versus Role Confusion stage), James Marcia's identity status theory, and Jeffrey Arnett's theories of identity formation in emerging adulthood.