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The 2023-2024 norovirus season is well underway in the United States. Cases of the highly contagious stomach bug, which causes diarrhea and vomiting, are climbing steadily across the country.
Rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, and astroviruses are known to cause viral gastroenteritis. [26] Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, [25] and produces similar rates in both the developed and developing world. [20] Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. [13]
Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. [3] About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. [2] In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear. [2]
Increased expression of ICAM-1 has been observed within the inflamed intestinal mucosa of people with ulcerative colitis, pouchitis and Crohn's, where ICAM-1 over production correlated with disease activity. [140] This suggests that ICAM-1 is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of these diseases. [141] [142]
It has also been observed to cause villus ischemia, and increase intestinal motility. [15] The net result of these changes is induced diarrhoea. [15] Enteritis necroticans is an often fatal illness, caused by β-toxin of Clostridium perfringens. [16] This causes inflammation and segments of necrosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Functional dyspepsia is a common cause of chronic heartburn. More than 70% of people have no obvious organic cause for their symptoms after evaluation. [13] Symptoms may arise from a complex interaction of increased visceral afferent sensitivity, gastric delayed emptying (gastroparesis) or impaired accommodation to food.
This in turn can cause abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, fever, and dehydration. [1] There are other types of enteritis, the types include: bacterial gastroenteritis, Campylobacter enteritis, E. coli enteritis, radiation enteritis, Salmonella enteritis and Shigella enteritis.
Overall, our findings suggest that more people over 70 years of age should be considered for statin treatment.” — Borislava Mihaylova, DPhil “Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause ...