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A Selective Availability Anti-spoofing Module (SAASM) is used by military Global Positioning System receivers to allow decryption of precision GPS observations, while the accuracy of civilian GPS receivers may be reduced by the United States military through Selective Availability (SA) and anti-spoofing (AS). [1]
Whereas the C/A PRNs are unique for each satellite, each satellite transmits a different segment of a master P-code sequence approximately 2.35 x 10 14 chips long (235,000,000,000,000 chips). Each satellite repeatedly transmits its assigned segment of the master code, restarting every Sunday at 00:00:00 GPS time.
Binary offset carrier modulation [1] [2] (BOC modulation) was developed by John Betz in order to allow interoperability of satellite navigation systems. It is currently used in the US GPS system, Indian IRNSS system and in Galileo [3] and is a square sub-carrier modulation, where a signal is multiplied by a rectangular sub-carrier of frequency equal to or greater than the chip rate.
Samples of three GPS satellites' orbits over a five-year period (2013 to 2018) USA-242 · USA-239 · USA-151 · Earth As of 22 January 2025, 83 Global Positioning System navigation satellites have been built: 31 are launched and operational, 3 are in reserve or testing, 43 are retired, 2 were lost during launch, and 1 prototype was never launched. 3 Block III satellites have completed ...
In automotive GPS receivers, metallic features in windshields, [25] such as defrosters, or car window tinting films [26] can act as a Faraday cage, degrading reception just inside the car. Man-made EMI (electromagnetic interference) can also disrupt or jam GPS signals.
The AN/PSN-13 Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR; colloquially, "dagger") is a handheld GPS receiver used by the United States Department of Defense and select foreign military services. It is a military-grade, dual-frequency receiver, and has the security hardware necessary to decode the encrypted P(Y)-code GPS signals .
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