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Insular India was an isolated landmass which became the Indian subcontinent.Across the latter stages of the Cretaceous and most of the Paleocene, following the breakup of Gondwana, the Indian subcontinent remained an isolated landmass as the Indian Plate drifted across the Tethys Ocean, forming the Indian Ocean.
Dharmapala is believed to have conquered Kanauj and extended his sway up to the farthest limits of India in the north-west. [205] The Pala Empire can be considered as the golden era of Bengal. [206] Dharmapala founded the Vikramashila and revived Nalanda, [205] considered one of the first great universities in recorded history. Nalanda reached ...
The Indian plate (or India plate) is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana , the Indian plate broke away from the other fragments of Gondwana 100 million years ago and began moving north, carrying Insular India with it. [ 2 ]
Over time, however, "India" evolved to refer to a distinct political entity that eventually became a nation-state (today the Republic of India). [ 10 ] According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the term subcontinent signifies a "subdivision of a continent which has a distinct geographical, political, or cultural identity" and also a "large ...
The term was used before plate tectonic theory, [6] but the term has seen increased usage since the 1970s. The Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate have converged up to 3,600 km (2,200 mi) ± 35 km (22 mi). The upper crustal shortening is documented from the geological record of Asia and the Himalaya as up to approximately 2,350 km (1,460 mi) less.
(Definitions of "continents" are a physical and cultural construct dating back centuries, long before the advent or even knowledge of plate tectonics; thus, defining a "continent" falls into the realm of physical and cultural geography (i.e. geopolitics), while continental plate definitions fall under plate tectonics in the realm of geology.)
By the time when the Indian continent and the Asian continent collided, South Tibet has already reached 3–4 km elevation. [29] [30] [31] [33] The compressional force resulted from the Indian-Asian collision further topped up Lhasa block's elevation and triggered crustal thickening in the North Tibet as the Indian continent proceed northwards.
India, officially the Republic of India, [j] [21] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area ; the most populous country from June 2023 onwards; [ 22 ] [ 23 ] and since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy.