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[2] [3] Today, these Creoles of color have assimilated into (and contributed to) Black American culture, while some retain their distinct identity as a subset within the broader African American ethnic group. [4] New Orleans Creoles of color have been named as a "vital source of U.S. national-indigenous culture."
Map of North America in 1750, before the French and Indian War (part of the international Seven Years' War (1756 to 1763)). The Flag of French Louisiana. Through both the French and Spanish (late 18th century) regimes, parochial and colonial governments used the term Creole for ethnic French and Spanish people born in the New World.
In 1769, Creole planters rallied Creoles of color and Petits blancs to help fight an unpopular militia reform. Although the Bourbon government crushed the uprising, it could not stomp out all of the Creole dissent. Creoles of all classes and colors resented the "tyrannical" royal administration. [12]
The English word creole derives from the French créole, which in turn came from Portuguese crioulo, a diminutive of cria meaning a person raised in one's house.Cria is derived from criar, meaning "to raise or bring up", itself derived from the Latin creare, meaning "to make, bring forth, produce, beget"; which is also the source of the English word "create".
A copy of Les Cenelles from 1845. Armand Lanusse (c. 1810 – March 16, 1868) [1] was a Creole of color, educator, poet, and writer from New Orleans, Louisiana.He is the editor of Les Cenelles (1845), a collection of poems by fellow Creoles of color in New Orleans widely considered to be the first African-American poetry anthology published in the United States. [2]
Marie Thérèse Coincoin, [a] born as Coincoin (with no surname), [1] also known as Marie Thérèse dite Coincoin, [2] and Marie Thérèse Métoyer, [3] [4] (August 1742 – 1816) was a planter, slave owner, [1] and businesswoman at the colonial Louisiana outpost of Natchitoches (later known as Natchitoches Parish).
Jean-Louis Dolliole (1779 – January 9, 1861) was an African-American architect in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, during the 19th century.He was a free man of color who also worked as a cabinetmaker, home builder, contractor, planter and leader of the African-American community of New Orleans in the time of the Antebellum South.
Marie Celeste Dragon (1777–1856) was a prominent Creole of color land owner during the Spanish Louisiana period, also known for her portrait by José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza. [1] She was the wife of Andrea Dimitry ; they were an interracial couple.